ISSN: 1300-0365
Dil: Türkçe
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The Biggest Ophthalmologic Book Of The Turkish Ophthalmology Written In 15th Century,
S. Sami İLKER*, Necdet OKUMUŞ**
* Doç.Dr., Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göz Hastalıkları AD,** Dr., Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göz Hastalıkları AD, MANİSA
Purpose: We would like to present the biggest and oldest Turkish Ophthalmic book that have not been known in Turkish and all World Ophthalmic Societies until
now.
Place and Time: It has been written by Mahmut Shirvani (1375-1450) in 1438. Murshid has 670 pages and was found in 1996. The existence of Murshid has not been known by ophthalmologists and medical historians until 1996 and was not included in the bibliographic references.
Materials and Methods: Similar with those of today's scientific principles, written works of 34 physicians, from Hippocrates to Ibn-i Sina (Avicenna) have been cited in Murshid. References were taken from the studies of Greek, Iskenderiye (Alexandria) and the Middle age muslim physicians including the full name of the authors and the title of the studies. The book has three parts and also contains the experience and the opinions of its author about different subjects.
Results: In the first section, which has 74 pages, anatomy of the human eye has been described in details with its physiology. The second section of the book has 392 pages. The definition, sign and treatment of the diseases of the eye lids, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, sclera, lens, vitreous, choroidea and muscles of the eye have been described in this section. The third section has 204 pages and contains knowledge about the simple and composed drugs used in ophthalmology. Topics of the simple drugs have occupied 58 pages in the book. Composed drugs with their doses, contents, methods of preparation and indications have also been documented separately. Formulations of the 106 composed drugs are present in a total of 80 pages. At the end part of the Murshid, topics such as preparation techniques of the ophthalmologic drugs, categories of the substances used in drugs, their collection, protection and expiration dates are present.
Conclusion: We aim to inform all of our colleagues about this unknown book with a history 562 years, which we believe will be the subject of many new thesis in the future.
Key Words: History of Ophthalmology, Turkish author,
Murshid, Mahmud ShirvaniKeywords: History of Ophthalmology, Turkish author, Murshid, Mahmud ShirvaniTurkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol 2001, 10:178-180
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